Inclusion Criteria:

1. Mother and Father, if named on the birth certificate application, are English
speaking.

2. If mother and Father are married, husband is the man identified as the father on the
birth certificate application.

3. Documentation of Informed Consent for Mother and newborn. Father named on the birth
certificate application must consent for newborn to participate.

4. Mother's age (and Father if named on the birth certificate application) is 18 years
of age or older.

5. Infant is a singleton, inborn newborn.

6. Newborn gestational age assessment documented in the health record between 23 weeks
0/7 days and 36 weeks 6/7 days.

7. Newborn gestational age assessment documented in the health record > 37 weeks and 0/7
days.

8. Mother identifies herself as Black or African American on the birth certificate
application.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Mother (or Father identified on the birth certificate application) refuses to sign
informed consent.

2. Mother (or Father identified on the birth certificate application) does not speak
English.

3. Father, identified on the birth certificate application, objects to infant's
participation.

4. Husband is not the father named on the birth certificate application.

5. Mother (or Father, if named on the birth certificate application) is less than 18
years of age.

6. Mother fails to identify her ethnic group as Black or African American on the birth
certificate application.

7. Mother is cognitively impaired as a result of receiving narcotic analgesia within
four hours of the time the research is explained, consent explained, or the interview
is conducted.

8. Mother is documented to be cognitively impaired by her physician in the medical
record.

9. Father appears to be cognitively impaired at the time the research is explained,
consent explained, or the interview is conducted.

10. Mother or infant has a history of blood transfusion in the last six months.

11. Mother had assisted reproduction.

12. Maternal surgical procedures during pregnancy, to include cerclage.

13. Mother has uterine abnormalities.

14. History of trauma prior to the onset of labor.

15. Multiple gestation.

16. Infant has major anomalies (cyanotic congenital heart disease, gastroschisis,
omphalocele, diaphragmatic hernia or other major gastrointestinal anomalies, major
neurological injury or anomaly, or multiple congenital anomalies).

17. Mother has major anomalies (cyanotic congenital heart disease, gastroschisis,
omphalocele, diaphragmatic hernia or other major gastrointestinal anomalies, major
neurological injury or anomaly, or multiple congenital anomalies).

18. Infant has documented chromosomal anomalies.

19. Mother has documented chromosomal anomalies.