Trial Information

Comparison the Level of CTGF Protein and Related Cytokine in Pleural Effusion Among Tuberculous Pleurisy and Malignant Pleural Effusion Patients

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, also known as CCN2) is a member of the CCN family.
Cysteine-rich 61(Cyr61) is known as CCN1, and nephroblastoma over-expressed (Nov, known as
CCN3) as well as Wisp-1/elm1( CCN4),Wisp-2/rCop1(CCN5), and Wisp-3 (CCN6)1. The CTGF is a
secretory growth factor that bind with integrins on the cell surface and was first
identified as a mitogen isolated from the medium of human umbilical vein endothelial cells2.
CTGF can be expressed in many human organs such as heart, brain, placenta, liver, muscle,
kidney, and lung and may have many biologic functions3. CTGF stimulate the proliferation of
fibroblast and vascular endothelial cells. The level of CTGF protein is increased in
patients with various fibrotic human disease including renal failure, hepatic fibrosis in
biliary atresia, systemic scleroderma and vascular atherosclerosis4.

Recent research revealed the expression of CTGF protein was high in the normal lung
epithelium and moderate to high in stage I lung adenocarcinoma cells5. But the expression of
CTGF was reduced in low grade metastatic respiratory epithelial tumor cells. The CTGF
expression was associated with the suppression of human lung cancer cell metastasis in a
mouse model and the reduced CTGF expression was also associated with clinical metastasis and
patient survival5. The expression of CTGF protein was statistically significantly higher in
normal lung type I and II epithelial cells than in the majority of metastatic adenocarcinoma
specimens revealed that the level of CTGF protein decreases during clinical disease when
cells acquire the ability to grow at metastatic site6. CTGF appears to be a suppressor of
lung tumor invasion and metastasis and the decreased CTGF expression in tumor tissues was
associated with advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, early postoperative relapse,
and shorter patient survival. Connective tissue growth factor acts as an independent
prognostic marker in colorectal cancer and giomas and inhibits metastasis7,8