INDUCTION WITH ALL-TRANS RETINOIC ACID IN COMBINATION WITH IDARUBICIN AND INTENSIVE CONSOLIDATION FOLLOWED BY BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION OR A RANDOMIZED MAINTENANCE TREATMENT DEPENDING UPON THE AMOUNT OF MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE IN ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
OBJECTIVES:
- Determine the complete remission (CR) rate in patients with acute promyelocytic
leukemia treated with induction comprising tretinoin (ATRA) and idarubicin (IDA).
- Determine the presence of the promyelocyte-retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARa)
transcript using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in patients with CR after 3 sequential
consolidation regimens comprising cytarabine (ARA-C) plus IDA, followed by mitoxantrone
plus etoposide, and then IDA, ARA-C, and thioguanine.
- Determine the percentage of patients who complete the protocol, including
PML-RARa-positive patients treated with post-consolidation bone marrow transplantation
(BMT) and PML-RARa-negative patients treated with maintenance comprising mercaptopurine
(MP) plus methotrexate (MTX) vs ATRA only vs MP plus MTX alternating with ATRA vs
observation only.
- Compare the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival of these patients treated
with these regimens.
- Determine the rate and type of grade 4 toxicity, treatment-related mortality, and time
to granulocyte and platelet recovery associated with each phase of treatment in these
patients.
- Determine the DFS and overall survival of PML-RARa-positive patients who are ineligible
for BMT and are treated with maintenance comprising MP plus MTX alternating with ATRA.
- Compare the quality of life of patients treated with these regimens.
OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study.
- Induction: Patients receive oral tretinoin (ATRA) twice daily beginning on day 1 and
continuing for 30-90 days and idarubicin (IDA) IV over 15 minutes on days 2, 4, and 8.
ATRA is discontinued before day 90 in the presence of complete remission (CR) at day 30
or 60, unacceptable toxicity, or disease progression or in the absence of at least a
partial remission at day 60. Patients who achieve CR during induction proceed to
consolidation.
- Consolidation:
- First consolidation: Within 2 weeks after achieving CR, patients receive
cytarabine (ARA-C) IV over 6 hours followed 3 hours later by IDA IV over 15
minutes on days 1-4.
- Second consolidation:Within 4-6 weeks after initiation of first consolidation,
patients receive mitoxantrone IV over 30 minutes and etoposide IV over 1 hour
(beginning 12 hours after initiation of mitoxantrone infusion) on days 1-5.
- Third consolidation:Within 4-6 weeks after initiation of second consolidation,
patients receive ARA-C subcutaneously every 8 hours and oral thioguanine every 8
hours on days 1-5 and IDA IV over 15 minutes on day 1.
Patients proceed to group A if they are promyelocyte-retinoic acid receptor alpha
(PML-RARa)-negative after recovery from third consolidation. Patients proceed to allogeneic
bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on group B if they are PML-RARa-positive, achieve CR, are
under age 55, and have an HLA-A, -B, and -DR identical, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
nonreactive, family donor after recovery from third consolidation. Patients proceed to
autologous BMT on group B if they are PML-RARa-positive, achieve CR, and have no identical
family donor or are age 55 and over after recovery from third consolidation. Patients
proceed to arm III of group A if they are PML-RARa-positive and ineligible for BMT after
recovery from third consolidation.
- Group A (maintenance): Patients are stratified according to participating center and
initial white blood cell count. Patients are randomized to 1 of 4 treatment arms.
- Arm I: Patients receive oral mercaptopurine (MP) daily and oral methotrexate (MTX)
weekly.
- Arm II: Beginning 3 months after recovery from third consolidation, patients
receive oral ATRA on days 1-15.
Treatment on arms I and II continues every 3 months for 2 years in the absence of disease
progression or unacceptable toxicity.
- Arm III: Patients receive 1 course of arm I treatment, alternated by 1 course of arm II
treatment. Alternating treatment continues every 3 months for 2 years in the absence of
disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
- Arm IV: Patients undergo observation only.
- Group B: Eligible patients receive conditioning comprising cyclophosphamide (CTX)
IV for 2 days followed by total body irradiation or oral busulfan on days -9 to -6
and CTX on days -5 to -2. Autologous or allogeneic bone marrow is infused on day 0
(within 4 months after initiation of third consolidation).
Quality of life is assessed at baseline, after induction, after each consolidation regimen,
and then every 3 months beginning after treatment on group A or B.
Patients are followed every 3 months.
PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 750 patients will be accrued for this study within 7.5 years.
Interventional
Allocation: Randomized, Primary Purpose: Treatment
Petra Muus, MD, PhD
Study Chair
Universitair Medisch Centrum St. Radboud - Nijmegen
United States: Federal Government
CDR0000064499
NCT00002701
October 1995
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