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A Phase I Study of Sirolimus in Combination With Oral Cyclophosphamide and Oral Topotecan in Children and Young Adults With Relapsed and Refractory Solid Tumors


Phase 1
N/A
25 Years
Open (Enrolling)
Both
Malignant Solid Tumor, Childhood Solid Tumor

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Trial Information

A Phase I Study of Sirolimus in Combination With Oral Cyclophosphamide and Oral Topotecan in Children and Young Adults With Relapsed and Refractory Solid Tumors


The combination of cyclophosphamide and topotecan is well-tolerated and provides an oral
therapy option for heavily pre-treated patients. The toxicity profile and activity level
suggest that this combination will provide a useful platform onto which novel compounds may
be added. Sirolimus has been shown to demonstrate single-agent activity in preclinical
models of rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, medulloblastoma, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, and
osteosarcoma. Sirolimus has also been shown to have additive effects in pre-clinical models
of solid tumors when combined with cyclophosphamide. This trial therefore will evaluate the
combination of sirolimus with cyclophosphamide and topotecan. Pharmacokinetic studies of
sirolimus as well as pharmacodynamic studies to assess antiangiogensis and inhibition of the
mTOR pathway will be done.

Patients will be accrued to dose levels in cohorts of 3 using a 3 + 3 design. Patients will
initially be enrolled on dose level 1. Patients will receive daily oral sirolimus and
cyclophosphamide on days 1 - 21 in a 28 day cycle. This will be combined with oral topotecan
given on days 1 - 14. Sirolimus will be dosed based on steady-state plasma trough
concentrations with a goal level in dose level 1 of 3-7.9 ng/ML and goal levels in
subsequent dose levels of 8-12.0 ng/ML. Dosing of cyclophosphamide and topotecan will be 25
mg/m2/dose and 0.8 mg/ m2 /dose respectively for dose levels 1 and 2. Level 3 dosing will
escalate cyclophosphamide to 50 mg/ m2/dose. If level 1 dosing is not tolerated, patients
will then be enrolled in a level -1 cohort with cyclophosphamide and sirolimus administered
only on days 1 - 14. If level -1 is not tolerated, patients will be enrolled in level -2
with topotecan administration limited to days 1 - 7.


Inclusion Criteria:



- Age: Patients must be > than 12 months and 30 years of age at the time of study
enrollment.

- Diagnosis: Patients must have had histologic verification of solid tumor, including
lymphomas, at original diagnosis or relapse except in patients with intrinsic brain
stem tumors, patients with optic pathway gliomas, and patients with pineal tumors and
elevations of serum or CSF alpha-fetoprotein or beta-HCG.

- Disease Status: Patients must have either measurable or evaluable disease

- Therapeutic Options: Patient's current disease state must be one for which there is
no known curative therapy.

- Performance Level: Karnofsky 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky 50 for
patients 16 years of age. Note: Neurologic deficits in patients with CNS tumors must
have been relatively stable for a minimum of 1 week prior to study enrollment.
Patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair,
will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score.
(Appendix I)

- Prior Therapy: Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all
prior anticancer chemotherapy.

- Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: Patients must not have received myelosuppressive
therapy within 2 weeks of enrollment onto this study (6 weeks if prior
nitrosourea).

- Hematopoietic growth factors: At least 14 days after the last dose of a
long-acting growth factor (e.g. Neulasta) or 7 days for short-acting growth
factor. For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after
administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which
adverse events are known to occur. The duration of this interval must be
discussed with the study chair.

- Biologic (anti-neoplastic agent): At least 7 days must have passed after the
last treatment with a biologic agent. For agents that have known adverse events
occurring beyond 7 days from administration, this period must be extended beyond
the time during which adverse events are known to occur. The duration of this
interval must be discussed with the study chair.

- Immunotherapy: At least 4 weeks since the completion of any type of
immunotherapy, e.g. tumor vaccines.

- Monoclonal antibodies: At least 7 days or 3 half-lives, whichever is longer,
must have elapsed since prior treatment with a monoclonal antibody. Please see
Appendix III for a list of half-lives for common monoclonal antibodies.

- XRT: ≥ 2 weeks must have elapsed for local palliative XRT (small port) and
enrollment on study. At least 24 weeks must have elapsed since prior Total Body
Irradiation (TBI), radiation to ≥50% of pelvis, or craniospinal radiation; ≥ 6
weeks must have elapsed if the patient has received other substantial BM
radiation; > 6 weeks for prior MIBG therapy; For patients with only one site of
measurable or evaluable disease, radiation must not have been given to that site
unless that site has demonstrated clear progression after radiation or at least
2 months have elapsed since radiation and their remains evidence of viable tumor
on biopsy, FDG pet scan or MIBG scan.

- Stem Cell Transplant (SCT): Patients are eligible 12 weeks after myeloablative
therapy with autologous stem cell transplant (timed from start of protocol
therapy). Patients must meet adequate bone marrow function definition (see organ
function requirements below) post-myeloablative therapy. Patients who received
stem cell reinfusion following non-myeloablative therapy are eligible once they
meet peripheral blood count criteria in 6.1.7.1 Patients status post-allogeneic
stem cell transplant are excluded unless they are >1 year post transplant, have
been off all immunosuppressive therapy for more than 3 months and do not have
active GVHD.

- Prior treatment with sirolimus, cyclophosphamide or topotecan: Patients
previously treated with any of these drugs as single agents will be eligible for
this study. Patients previously treated with two of the three drugs will also be
eligible, however patients previously treated with all three agents in
combination will not be eligible.

- Patients previously treated with sirolimus analogues (e.g. Temsirolimus, everolimus,
or ridaforolimus) are also eligible.

Organ Function Requirements

- Adequate Bone Marrow Function Defined as:

- For patients with solid tumors without bone marrow involvement:

- Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) 750/L

- Platelet count 75,000/L (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet
transfusions within a 7 day period prior to enrollment)

- Patients with known bone marrow metastatic disease:

- Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (AND) ≥ 750/L

- Platelet count ≥ 25,000/L Transfusions are permitted to reach the platelet criteria.
These patients will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity and must not be known
to be refractory to platelet transfusions. At least two thirds (2 of 3 or 4 of 6) of
every cohort must be evaluable for hematologic toxicity.

Adequate Liver Function Defined as:

- Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for
age

- SGPT (ALT) 110 U/L. For the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L.

- Serum albumin 2 g/dL

Adequate Pulmonary Function Defined as:

- No dyspnea at rest

- No known requirement for supplemental oxygen

- No known active pneumonitis

Central Nervous System Function Defined as:

- Patients with seizure disorder may be enrolled if on non-enzyme inducing
anticonvulsants and if seizures are well controlled. (See Appendix IV for a list of
recommended non-enzyme inducing anticonvulsants).

- Nervous system disorders(CTCAE v4) resulting from prior therapy must be ≤ Grade 2.

- Serum fasting triglyceride level ≤ 300 mg/dL (≤ 3.42 mmol/L) and serum cholesterol
level ≤ 300 mg/dL (≤7.75 mmol/L)

Exclusion Criteria:

- Pregnancy or Breast-Feeding: Pregnant or breast-feeding women will not be entered on
this study due to risks of fetal and teratogenic adverse events as seen in
animal/human studies. Pregnancy tests must be obtained in girls who are
post-menarchal. Males or females of reproductive potential may not participate unless
they have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method.

- Concomitant Medications:

- Corticosteroids: Patients requiring corticosteroids who have not been on a
stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for the prior 7 days.

- Anti-cancer Agents: Patients who are currently receiving other anti-cancer
agents are not eligible.

- Enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants: Patients who are currently receiving enzyme
inducing anticonvulsants are not eligible.

- CYP3A4 active agents: Patients must not be receiving any of the following potent
CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors: erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole,
azithromycin, itraconazole, grapefruit juice or St. John's Wort. A list of other
known CYP3A4 inducers and inhibitors that should be avoided during study therapy
is included in Appendix V.

- Infection: Patients who have an active or uncontrolled infection are not eligible.
Patients on prolonged antifungal therapy are still eligible if they are culture and
biopsy negative in suspected radiographic lesions and meet other organ function
criteria.

Patients who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the safety
monitoring requirements of the study are not eligible.

- Patients with history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar
composition to sirolimus, cyclophosphamide, or topotecan are not eligible.

Type of Study:

Interventional

Study Design:

Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment

Outcome Measure:

Dose Limiting Toxicity

Outcome Description:

Define the dose limiting toxicities to recommend a Phase 2 trough concentration of sirolimus when administered on a protracted schedule in combination with oral topotecan and oral cyclophosphamide. Evaluations done during first Cycle to assess/define DLT: Physical exams, vitals, blood tests: CBC, CMB, coagulation-PT, LDH, D-dimer, peripheral smear, urine glucose, performance evaluations. All toxicities observed will be summarized in terms of type (organ affected or laboratory determination), severity (by NCI CTCAE v 4.0), and attribution. The MTD is the highest dose level tested at which 0/6 or 1/6 patients experience DLT that is possibly, probably, or definitely related to the study drug(s) with at least 2/3 or 2/6 patients encountering DLT at the next higher dose. If 0/6 or 1/6 patients experience DLT at the highest dose level (dose level 3), then that dose level will be called the MTD.

Outcome Time Frame:

During the first 28-day Cycle

Safety Issue:

Yes

Principal Investigator

Steven Dubois, MD

Investigator Role:

Study Chair

Investigator Affiliation:

University of California, San Francisco

Authority:

United States: Food and Drug Administration

Study ID:

UCSF CC# 12083

NCT ID:

NCT01670175

Start Date:

August 2012

Completion Date:

June 2015

Related Keywords:

  • Malignant Solid Tumor
  • Childhood Solid Tumor
  • Histologic verification of solid tumor, including lymphomas
  • Original diagnosis or relapse
  • Neoplasms

Name

Location

UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital San Francisco, California  94143