Inclusion Criteria:

- Patients must have a diagnosis of NF1 based on NIH criterial with two or more of the
following characteristics:

- six or more cafe-au-lait macules (1.5cm or greater in size)

- skin fold freckling in the axilla or groin

- optic pathway glioma

- two or more Lisch nodules of the iris

- distinctive bony lesions such as dysplasia of the sphenoid wing or of a long
bone such as the tibia

- two or more neurofibromas of any type of 1 or more plexiform neurofibroma

- first degree relative with NF1

- Participants must have at least four cutaneous neurofibromas on skin exam with the
following qualities:

- the lesion must be discrete by clinical exam and must not be contact with
another skin tumor

- the lesion must be amenable to measurement with calipers with minimum dimension
of 5mm and maximum dimension of 30mm

- the lesions must be located on the trunk, neck, or extremities (excluding the
hands and feet) and must be located in an area that can be photographed

- histologic confirmation of tumor type is not required in the setting of
compatible clinical setting

- No treatment with an investigation agent for cutaneous neurofibromas within the last
3 months

- 18 years of age or older

Exclusion Criteria:

- Pregnant and nursing women

- Patients who have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 6 weeks prior to entering
the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents
administered more than 6 weeks earlier

- Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents

- History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic
composition to imiquimod

- Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active
infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac
arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with
study requirements.