Inclusion Criteria:

- Women aged 18-75 years and men 45-75 years

- Healthy lean, overweight and obese women (BMI 18-40 kg/m2) and obese men (BMI 30-40
kg/m2)

- Obese women (BMI 30-40 kg/m2) with OSA or PCOS

Exclusion Criteria:

- Pregnant, lactating, peri- or postmenopausal women will be excluded from the study
because of potential confounding influences of these factors and potential ethical
concerns (pregnant women)

- Women taking medications known to affect substrate metabolism and those with evidence
of significant organ dysfunction (e.g. impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus,
liver disease, hypo- or hyper-thyroidism) other than PCOS and OSA

- Severe hypertriglyceridemia (fasting plasma TG concentration >400 mg/dl)

- Subjects with OSA who have an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) score >30 (the total number
of obstructive events divided by the total hours of sleep) will be excluded and
instructed to seek medical care