Inclusion Criteria:

1. Biopsy proof of adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

2. Bone scan (If PSA >10 ng/ml or T3 disease) within 3 months of starting androgen
ablation or signing protocol consent if no androgen ablation.

3. CT-scan of pelvis (If Stage T3 disease) within 3 months of starting androgen ablation
or signing protocol consent if no androgen ablation.

4. Suitable medical condition; Zubrod <2.

5. Pretreatment PSA and/or Stage T2b-T2c. PSA within 30 days of signing protocol consent. If neoadjuvant
androgen ablation has been given, then the preandrogen ablation PSA should be used
for stratification.

6. Clinical (palpable) Stage T1b - T3b disease (1992 AJCC staging system).

7. While a transrectal ultrasound will be obtained before treatment, the staging will
not be based on these findings. If palpable T3 disease is present, then must have
Gleason score <8 and pretreatment PSA less than or equal to 10 ng/ml

8. Gleason score <10.

9. If Gleason score 8 or 9, then must have stage T1/T2 disease and pretreatment PSA less
than or equal to 10 ng/ml.

10. The patient must be able to understand the protocol and adhere to follow-up at
6-month intervals for the first 2 years and at yearly intervals thereafter.

11. Informed consent must be given.

12. Patients randomized to Arm 1 may also participate in protocol 2004-0428.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior pelvic radiotherapy.

2. Greater than 4 months of prior hormone ablation therapy.

3. Prior or planned radical prostate surgery.

4. Clinical, radiographic or pathologic evidence of nodal or distant metastatic disease.

5. Concurrent, active malignancy, other than nonmetastatic skin cancer or early stage
-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (well-differentiated small cell lymphocytic lymphoma).
If a prior malignancy is in remission for greater than or equal to 5 yr then the
patient is eligible.

6. Zubrod status greater than or equal to 2.

7. Pretreatment PSA >20 ng/ml.

8. Gleason score of 10.

9. Palpable stage T3c (seminal vesicle involvement) or T4 disease.