Inclusion Criteria:

- Patients who undergo immediate, postmastectomy, tissue expander/implant
reconstruction

- Patients ≥ 21 and ≤ 75 years of age

Exclusion Criteria:

- Patient refusal

- Patients who will undergo any of the following:

- Single-stage implant reconstruction

- Combined autogenous tissue expander/implant reconstruction

- Patients with a history of prior irradiation

- Patients with a history of prior surgery with breast implants

- Patients with a history of prior axillary lymph node dissection

- Patients who are pregnant

The following eligibility will be confirmed at the time of surgery.

- Patients who are deemed intraoperatively by the attending surgeon to have significant
mastectomy flap ischemia.

- Patients who have an axillary lymph node dissection at the time of mastectomy
(Patients undergoing sentinel lymph biopsy are eligible)