Inclusion Criteria:

- Any patient who has aplastic anemia with marrow failure involving 2 of the three
following criteria: granulocytes < 500/uL; a corrected reticulocyte count of < 1%;
platelet count of < 20,000/uL

- Availability of an human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched family member

- DONOR: Family member who is HLA-matched

- DONOR: If more than one HLA-matched family member is available, priority will be
given to a donor who is genotypically HLA-identical, of appropriate cytomegalovirus
(CMV) serology, ABO compatible, and, in case of a female donor, non-parous

Exclusion Criteria:

- Severe disease other than aplastic anemia that would severely limit the probability
of survival during the graft procedure:

- Patients who have developed clonal cytogenetic abnormalities or myelodysplastic
syndrome (preleukemia)

- Patients with Fanconi's anemia

- Aplasia secondary to radiation or cytotoxic chemotherapy

- Patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria who have not developed
aplastic anemia

- Severe organ toxicities:

- Cardiac insufficiency requiring treatment or symptomatic coronary artery
disease;

- Severe hypoxemia , partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) < 70 mm Hg, with decreased
diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) < 70% of predicted; or mild
hypoxemia, pO2 < 80 mm Hg with severely decreased DLCO < 60% of predicted;

- Impaired renal function (creatinine > 2 times upper limit of normal or estimated
creatinine clearance < 60 ml/min)

- Fungal infections with radiological progression after receipt of amphotericin B or
active triazole for greater than 1 month

- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients

- Females who are pregnant or breast-feeding

- DONOR: Donors who have increase anesthetic risk and are not able psychologically and
medically to tolerate the procedure

- DONOR: HIV-positive donors