Inclusion Criteria:
1. Elective, open colorectal surgery including sigmoid resections, i.e. with an upper
rectal anastomosis and with or without planned stoma. If the planned surgery is a
combined procedure, the associated procedure should not add more than 1 hour to the
surgery time of the primary colorectal surgical procedure alone.
2. Both genders; age ≥ 45 years and ≤ 80 years.
3. ASA Grades I-III
4. Voluntary participation and signing the informed consent form
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Fluid overload (hyperhydration), especially in cases of pulmonary edema and
congestive heart failure, or patients with severe cardiovascular disorders (New York
Heart Association, NYHA III-IV)
2. Patients with significant cardiac arrhythmias or depending on pacemaker
3. Patients with impaired liver and/or kidney functions (ALT more than 2 times the
normal upper limit and/or Serum Creatinine (SCr) more than 2 times the normal upper
limit)
4. Renal failure with oliguria or anuria not related to hypovolemia
5. Patients receiving dialysis treatment
6. Patients with non-resectable malignancies
7. Patients who are non-cooperative or non-communicable
8. Patients with significant preoperative coagulation abnormalities
9. Patients receiving treatment with opioids for significant chronic pain
10. Patients in need of organ transplantation
11. Intracranial hemorrhage
12. Severe hypernatremia (Na+ > 155 mmol/l) or severe hyperchloremia (Cl- > 125 mmol/l)
13. Known hypersensitivity to hydroxyethyl starches
14. Participation in a clinical trial of an investigational drug or device within 30 days
before study screening visit or is scheduled to receive
15. an investigational product while participating in this study Patients with evidenced
bowel obstruction symptoms.
16. Contraindication to epidural anesthesia
17. Known pregnancy and lactation