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N/A
2 Years
N/A
Open (Enrolling)
Both
Renal Disease, Renal Insufficiency

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Trial Information


Serum creatinine does not accurately measure kidney function in patients with mild renal
insufficiency or in certain other patient populations (for example, individuals with
malnutrition, muscle wasting, cancer, or the elderly) [8, 9]. The serum creatinine level
and related estimating equations, routinely used clinical measures to estimate kidney
function, are dependent on muscle mass, and influenced by age, race, gender, and weight.[10,
11]. Patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant may have large fluctuations in their
nutritional status, muscle mass and weight that will influence glomerular filtration rates
based on estimation equations or serum creatinine levels. In fact, a recently published
position paper recommends that research be done specifically to evaluate the accuracy of
golemular filtration rate estimating equations in cancer patients "with a particular focus
on reducing the influence of confounding factors such as muscle wasting, malnutrition and
extracellular fluid volume expansion [12]." Cystatin C is a cysteine protease inhibitor
that is expressed by all nucleated cells and is freely filtered by the glomerulus. Serum
Cystatin C correlates well with measured glomerular filtration rate and more accurately
measures kidney function than does serum creatinine in the elderly, cancer patients,
diabetics and renal transplant recipients[9, 13-15]. It is also linearly associated with
all cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and heart failure risk[16]. The gold standard
measurements of Golemular filtration rate using inulin or radioisotope-labeled or nonlabeled
trace quantities of EDTA, technetium-99-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, iothalamate or
iohexol are expensive and time intensive which limits their clinical usefulness. Although
the studies done using cystatin C in patients with cancer have reported some conflicting
results when comparing cystatin C to estimated GFR measurements, they have generally found
it to perform better than serum creatinine [14, 17-20]. Only one study has been done in the
HC population to evaluate cystatin C as a measure of renal function and the authors did not
include a gold standard measurement for GFR for comparison with cystatin C levels [20]. The
authors found elevations in cystatin C in patients after HCT compared to the control group.
However, these elevations did not correlate with serum creatinine or creatinine clearance. A
plausible conclusion is that serum cystatin C is a more sensitive marker of renal function
than the other measures they employed. These authors also did not look at area under the
curve, receiver operator characteristic curves or 1/cystatin C curves all of which have been
shown to be more accurate and to correlate better with other measures of GFR[21]. Moreover,
no long-term studies have been done in this patient population using cystatin C to assess
renal function or to define CKD prevalence.

Iohexol, a non-ionic, low osmolar, X-ray contrast medium (OmnipaqueR) that is safe and
non-toxic and used for angiographic and urographic procedures, is eliminated from plasma
exclusively by glomerular filtration[13]. Iohexol has a molecular weight of 821 daltons, a
plasma elimination half-time of ~90 min, is distributed into the extracellular space and has
less than 2% plasma protein binding [13, 17]. Iohexol is excreted completely unmetabolized
in the urine with 100% recovery within 24 hours after injection [14]. Since iohexol can be
quantified in small samples, capillary, as well as venous, sampling can be employed [15].
Extrarenal elimination of iohexol in a setting of reduced GFR is negligible[16]. Iohexol is
measured in deproteinized plasma or serum by HPLC. The commercially available preparations
contain two isomers of iohexol, both of which are handled similarly by the body [15, 18].

An accurate measure of kidney function is important for clinical management of medications,
choice of conditioning regimen, prognosis, and study of treatment toxicities. Establishment
of the precise prevalence is needed to design clinical intervention trials.


Inclusion Criteria:



- age > 2 years

- follow-up at Seattle cancer care alliance

Exclusion Criteria:

- age <2 years

- history of diabetes mellitus

- inability to return to the SCCA for follow-up at 1 year

- allergy to iodine

Type of Study:

Interventional

Study Design:

Allocation: Non-Randomized, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Supportive Care

Outcome Measure:

glomerular filtration rate

Outcome Time Frame:

Change from baseline in glomeular filtration rate at different time points after hematopoietic cell transplant

Safety Issue:

No

Principal Investigator

Sangeeta R. Hingorani, MD, MPH

Investigator Role:

Principal Investigator

Investigator Affiliation:

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Authority:

United States: Institutional Review Board

Study ID:

6726

NCT ID:

NCT01545531

Start Date:

September 2008

Completion Date:

September 2013

Related Keywords:

  • Renal Disease
  • Renal Insufficiency
  • glomerular filtration rate
  • iohexol
  • hematopoietic cell transplant
  • kidney function
  • gold standard measure
  • cystatin C.
  • Kidney Diseases
  • Renal Insufficiency

Name

Location

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle, Washington  98109