A Randomized Phase II Trial of Second Line Therapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: Capecitabine or Capecitabine Plus Mitomycin C
Biliary tract adenocarcinoma is an uncommon tumor with a poor prognosis and a median overall
survival (OS) rarely exceeding 6 months. Less than 25% of patients are resectable at
diagnosis and, even in this subset of patients, relapse rate is high. An improvement of OS
and quality of life for patients receiving chemotherapy versus best supportive care was
demonstrated in advanced disease. Recently, cisplatin and gemcitabine combination was
identified as the new standard first-line chemotherapy, yielding a median progression free
survival (PFS) and median OS of 8.5 and 11.7 months, respectively. Despite the outcome
improvement, disease progression is a constant and approximately half of patients failing
upfront treatment has a good performance status and are willing to undergo further
treatment. No standard salvage chemotherapy regimen has been identified. Clinical trials are
difficult to perform due to the rarity and heterogeneity of these tumors and to the lack of
interest of the pharmaceutical industry. Fluoropyrimidines and mitomycin C have been
considered the basis of palliative chemotherapy for a long time. The investigators decided
to explore the activity, in terms of PFS, of capecitabine alone or combined with mitomycin C
as second-line therapy in patients with pathological diagnosis of advanced biliary tract
cancer and progressive disease after gemcitabine and cisplatin, by means of an open label
randomized multicentric phase II trial.
Interventional
Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment
Progression Free Survival (PFS)
This is a multi-centre phase II, randomized study. Patients will be stratified based on disease site and stage. For the purpose of the study, PFS-6 rate will be considered the primary outcome measure. The maximum PFS-6 rate of low clinical interest is 15% and the minimum PFS-6 rate of interest is set to 35%. The target enrollment, using a type I error of 5% and a test power of 90%, will be estimated to be 26 patients per treatment arm. The regimen will be considered active if at least 8 out of first 26 evaluable patients are PFS-6.
6 month PFS
Yes
stefano cereda, MD
Principal Investigator
Ospedale San Raffaele (Milan, Italy)
Italy: National Institute of Health
2011-002002-70
NCT01530503
November 2011
July 2013
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