Inclusion Criteria:

- Willing to participate

- Able to give informed consent

- Patient with carcinoid syndrome-active disease (untreated or receiving medical
treatment)

- or

- Healthy volunteer who adequately matches a patient with carcinoid syndrome gender,
age (±5 years), height (±5cm) and BMI(±3 kg/m2)

Exclusion Criteria:

- Curative surgery for carcinoid disease

- Body weight over 159 kg (weight limit for DXA measurement of BMD)

- Previous orthopaedic surgery or fractures which preclude imaging at all sites

- History of any long term immobilization (duration greater than three months)

- Fracture less than one year prior to recruitment

- Current pregnancy or trying to conceive

- Delivery of last child less than one year prior to recruitment

- Breast feeding less than one year prior to recruitment

- History of, or current conditions known to affect bone metabolism

- Diagnosed skeletal disease or inflammatory arthritis

- Chronic renal disease

- Malabsorption syndromes

- Other diagnosed endocrine disorders

- Hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia

- Diagnosed restrictive eating disorder

- Diabetes mellitus

- Conditions or surgery which prevent the acquisition or analysis of DXA, VFA or
HR-pQCT

- Use of medications or treatment known to affect bone metabolism

- Alcohol intake greater than 21 units per week