Does an Acute Bout of Exercise Affect Smoking Satisfaction?
18 Years
64 Years
Both
Cancer
Trial Information
Does an Acute Bout of Exercise Affect Smoking Satisfaction?
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Canadians (Canadian Cancer Society
(CCS), 2010). Cigarette smoking is responsible for 85% of these cases (CCS, 2007).
Exercise has been shown to be an effective adjunct to pharmacological cessation strategies
(Ussher, Taylor, & Faulkner, 2008). A recent systematic review concluded that a single bout
of low to moderate intensity exercise can help regulate cravings, withdrawal symptoms and
negative affect associated with quitting (Taylor, Ussher, & Faulkner, 2007).
Smoking satisfaction is an immediately reinforcing effect of nicotine. Smoking satisfaction
may outweigh the temporally distant adverse health risks of smoking (Cappelleri, Bushmakin,
Baker, Merikle, Olufade, & Gilbert, 2007). Varenicline, an alpha 4-beta-2 nAChR partial
agonist, mimics the effect of nicotine by reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms (Coe et
al., 2005). A 12-week treatment period of varenicline has been shown to reduce smoking
satisfaction (Jorenby et al., 2006). However, the effect of acute exercise on smoking
satisfaction is not yet known.
Smoking topography is a key facet of smoking behaviour. Smoking behaviour can be
subjectively or objectively measured by quantifying puff volume, maximum puff velocity,
inter-puff interval, puff duration, number of puffs per cigarette and time to smoke a single
cigarette. Smoking topography can estimate exposure to carcinogenic toxins present in
cigarette smoking (Djordjevic, Hoffman, & Hoffman, 1997). Evidence exists to support that
exercise modifies smoking topography (Katomeri & Taylor 2006; Mikhail, 1983; Reeser, 1983;
Zacny & Stitzer, 1985).
Inclusion Criteria:
- 18 to 64 years of age
- Smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day
- Not have any medical condition that is contraindicative for exercise
- Not be pregnant or intending on becoming pregnant over the course of the study
- Be able to read and write in English
- Have a telephone or e-mail account so they can be contacted
- Successful completion of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)
- Have a Medical Doctor's clearance if they answer "YES" to one or more questions on
the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)
- Have not been engaged in a serious quit attempt in the last six months
- Have been smoking for more than 2 years
- Must not be suffering from an illness (e.g. cold) that would affect their typical
smoking behaviour
Exclusion Criteria:
- Contraindication to exercise (e.g. disability, unstable angina)
- On medication for physical and/or mental health reasons that would make compliance
with the study protocol difficult or dangerous
- Have substance dependency problems (e.g. alcohol)
- Are pregnant
- Be younger than 18 years of age
- Be 64 years or older prior to completion of the study
- Have been engaged in a serious quite attempt in the last six months
- Have been smoking for less than 2 years
- Suffering from an illness (e.g. cold) that would affect their typical smoking
behaviour
Type of Study:
Interventional
Study Design:
Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Prevention
Outcome Measure:
Smoking satisfaction
Outcome Description:
Smoking satisfaction will be assessed using the 12-item modified version of the Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire (mCEQ; Cappelleri, Bushmakin, Baker, Merikle, Olufade & Gilbert, 2007).
Outcome Time Frame:
One week
Safety Issue:
No
Principal Investigator
Harry Prapavessis, Ph.D
Investigator Role:
Principal Investigator
Investigator Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario, Canada
Authority:
Canada: Ethics Review Committee
Study ID:
SmokingTopography1114
NCT ID:
NCT01417975
Start Date:
August 2011
Completion Date:
June 2012
Related Keywords:
- Cancer
- exercise
- smoking satisfaction
- topography
- cravings
- Smoking
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