Trial Information

Real-time Diagnosis of Serum LECT 2 in Patient With Liver Cancer Using Electronic Antibody Sensor (e- Ab Sensor)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancer in the world. High
cancer recurrence is still the major cause of death of HCC patients. The major poor
prognostic factors included vascular invasion, high α-FP, large tumor size, or tumor
satellitosis, etc. Among the various literature reports with multivariate analysis, vascular
invasion of the tumor is the major contribution of high recurrence and poor survival.
Therefore, identifying differentially expressed genes between vascular-invasion and
non-vascular invasion of HCCs is important.

After suppression subtractive hybridization and microarray experiments, the investigators
identified 20 differentially-expressed genes between vascular-invasive, and non-vascular
invasive HCCs. One of the most interesting gene is leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2
(LECT2). Further evaluation of the role of LECT2 on HCCs, the investigators found (1) Higher
invasiveness, the lower of LECT2 gene expression in the HCC cell lines. (2) Conditioned
medium with high LECT2 content will inhibit HCC invasion. (3) The invasion ability decreased
in LECT2-overexpression hepatoma cell line. (4) In transendothelial cell migration assay,
the investigators could observed invasion ability increased when LECT2 was knockdown in HCC
cell line. (5) The lower expression of LECT2 gene in human HCCs correlate with higher tumor
stage, early recurrence, and poor prognosis. (6) In vivo experiments revealed LECT2 can
inhibit the ability of intravasation or metastatic ability of HCC.

Electrosensing antibody probing system (e- Ab sensor), which was developed for the rapid and
sensitive detection of hapten, proteins, or viral antigen in medical samples, will be used
for analyzing the interaction kinetics between specific anti- LECT2 and its antigen (LECT2
with liver cancer) present in the specimens of patients with liver cancer. The system
incorporates the use of engineered semiconductive antibodies or virus in vertical and
lateral chip (eAbchip) or lateral flow through (eAbsignal) formats. In electrosensing
antibody probing, semiconductive antibodies are bound as a suitable electrosensing probe,
which specifically and selectively binds targeted molecules (i.e. specific LECT2) in the
test specimens. From assessment of the electric signature of semiconductive
mutation-specific anti-LECT2 antibodies, the eABprobe could offer sensitive detection and
precise quantification of specific LECT2.

To develop a real-time diagnostic technique with e- Ab sensor for specific LECT2 detection
in clinical specimens of HCC patients, the investigators conduct a prospective clinical
study. The investigators evaluate the performance of e- Ab sensor, including
reproducibility, sensitivity, specificity, and cross-reaction. With such technique, the
investigators can obtain LECT2 information of HCC patients in cost-saving and time-saving
way and can offer more individualized treatment for our patients.