Inclusion Criteria:

- Were on chemotherapy;

- Age above one year;

- Malnutrition;

- A z-score of weight for height (zW/H) < -1.0 to -2.0 in children and ≥ 5th to < 15th
of body mass index (BMI) in adolescents were considered as mild malnutrition;

- A zW/H < -2.0 in children and < 5th of BMI in adolescents as severe, respectively;

- In adults, the World Health Organization (WHO) cut-off values were applied: < 18.5
mild and < 17 severe malnutrition.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Were on corticosteroid or hormonal therapy;

- Had swallowing abnormalities;

- Had parenteral or tube feeding therapy;

- Had palliative care;

- Presence of non cancer-related diseases.