Inclusion Criteria:

- Early stage NSCLC and no metastasis of hilum of lung and mediastinum lymph nodes
(short diameter ≤ 1 cm) on computed tomography (CT) scan;

- No medical contraindications to lung resection

- Age ≤ 75 years old and ≥18 years old;

- Sign the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Evidence of invasion into neighboring organs;

- Extensive pleura adhesion;

- Central lesion;

- Not suitable for single-lung ventilation;

- Had history of thoracotomy and radiation for thoracic region ;

- Pregnancy or lactation female patients;

- Cannot sign the informed consent form because of psychological, family and society
factors;

- Had history of other malignant tumors within 5 years except for non-melanoma
cutaneous cancer, uterine cervix cancer in situ and curative early-stage carcinoma of
prostate;

- Participants can not accept operation for other uncontrolled factors.