Randomized Phase II Trial of Rituximab With Either Pentostatin or Bendamustine for Multiply Relapsed or Refractory Hairy Cell Leukemia
18 Years
N/A
Both
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Trial Information
Randomized Phase II Trial of Rituximab With Either Pentostatin or Bendamustine for Multiply Relapsed or Refractory Hairy Cell Leukemia
Background:
-Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is highly responsive to purine analogs cladribine and
pentostatin, without evidence of cure. Neither is standard after 2 courses, due to
cumulative marrow and T-cell toxicity and declining remission rates and durations.
Once resistant, patients after multiple relapses can die of disease-related cytopenias.
- Rituximab alone in 51 patients from 5 trials who had cytopenias and at least 1 prior
purine analog resulted 10 complete + 10 partial remissions (CR+PR= ORR 39%).
- Rituximab with cladribine gives high CR rates in 1st or 2nd line, but is not standard.
- While cladribine use is more common for 1st and 2nd line, pentostatin is often used for
subsequent treatment because of < 100% cross-resistance.
- Retrospective published data for pentostatin plus rituximab in HCL include 7 of 7
responses with 6 (86%) CRs, and there are no prospective data.
- Recombinant immunotoxins targeting CD25 (LMB-2) and CD22 (BL22 and HA22) are highly
active in purine analog resistant HCL. Palliative pentostatin-rituximab is often used
off-protocol for patients with immunogenicity needing more therapy.
- Bendamustine is approved for early treatment of CLL, and is effective with rituximab
for relapsed/refractory CLL. Its use in HCL is unreported.
- CRs with minimal residual disease (MRD) by immunohistochemistry of bone marrow biopsy
(BMBx IHC), can relapse early. Tests for HCL MRD in blood or marrow include flow
cytometry (FACS) or PCR using consensus primers. The most sensitive MRD test in HCL is
real-time quantitative PCR using sequence-specific primers (RQ-PCR).
- Of 5 HCL-specific trials listed on Cancer.gov, 2 are phase II trials of cladribine +
rituximab in 1st and 2nd line (1 randomized at NIH, 1 non-randomized at MDA), and 3 NIH
phase I-II trials of recombinant immunotoxins BL22, HA22 and LMB-2.
Objectives:
- Primary:
--To determine if pentostatin + rituximab and bendamustine + rituximab are each
associated with adequate response rates (ORR=PR+CR) in patients with relapsed HCL, and,
if so, to select which combination is likely to be superior.
- Secondary:
- To compare rituximab plus either pentostatin or bendamustine in terms of MRDfree
survival and disease-free survival, and toxicity, including to CD4+ T-cells.
- To determine if MRD levels and tumor markers (soluble CD25 and CD22) correlate
with response and clinical endpoints, and could possibly replace BMBx.
- To study HCL biology by cloning, sequencing and characterizing monoclonal
immunoglobulin rearrangements, and other genes.
Eligibility:
HCL needing therapy, either greater than or equal to 2 prior courses of purine analog, or 1
course purine analog plus greater than or equal to 1 course rituximab if less than 1 year
response to the 1 course purine analog.
Prior treatment, ineligibility for, or patient refusal of recombinant immunotoxin.
Design:
- Rituximab 375 mg/m(2) on day 1, 15 for 6 x 28-day cycles (all 68 patients).
- Randomize:
1. 28 patients to bendamustine 90 mg/m(2)/day, days 1 and 2 each cycle
2. 28 patients to pentostatin 4 mg/m(2) days 1 and 15 of each cycle.
- Initial tolerability study: 12 patients receive rituximab + bendamustine (nonrandom),
including 6 at 70 mg/ m(2) and 6 at 90 mg/ m(2) of bendamustine.
- Statistics:
--If > 14/28 respond, can conclude with 90% power that response > 40% in that arm. >
80% probability of selecting the better arm if true response probability is
approximately 40-50% on the inferior arm and > 15% higher on the superior arm.
- Stratify to equalize the % of patients/arm refractory to last course of purine analog.
- Accrual Ceiling: 74, including 0-6 nonrandomized patients/arm with prior noresponse to
the other regimen. Allow crossover after failure of either regimen.
Inclusion Criteria
- INCLUSION CRITERIA:
2.1.1.1. Evidence of HCL by flow cytometry of blood, reviewed by the Laboratory of
Pathology, NCI, including positivity for CD19, CD22, CD20, and CD11c. Patients with flow
cytometry consistent with HCL variant (HCLv) are eligible, including those with CD25
and/or CD103 negative disease.
2.1.1.2. BMBx consistent with HCL, reviewed by NIH Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, or the
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH.
2.1.1.3. Treatment indicated based on demonstration of at least one of the following no
more than 4 weeks from the time of enrollment, and no less than 6 months after prior
cladribine and no less than 4 weeks after other prior treatment, if applicable.
(Bullet) Neutropenia (ANC less than 1000 cells/microl).
(Bullet) Anemia (Hgb less than 10g/dL).
(Bullet) Thrombocytopenia (Plt less than 100,000/microl).
(Bullet) Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) of greater than 5,000 cells/microL
(Bullet) Symptomatic splenomegaly.
(Bullet) Enlarging lymph nodes greater than 2cm.
(Bullet) Repeated infections requiring oral or i.v. antibiotics.
2.1.1.4. One of the following:
(Bullet) At least 2 prior courses of purine analog
(Bullet) 1 prior course of purine analog plus greater than or equal to1 course of
rituximab if the response to the course of purine analog lasted less than 1 year.
2.1.1.5. ECOG performance status (98) of 0-3.
2.1.1.7. Patients must be able to understand and give informed consent.
2.1.1.8. Creatinine less than or equal to 1.5 or creatinine clearance greater than or
equal to 60 ml/ml.
2.1.1.9. Bilirubin less than or equal to 2 unless consistent with Gilbert's (total/direct
greater than 5), ALT and AST less than or equal to 2.5 x upper limits of normal.
2.1.1.10. No other therapy (i.e. chemotherapy, interferon) for 4 weeks prior to study
entry, or cladribine for 6 months prior to study entry.
2.1.1.11. Age at least 18
2.1.1.12. Men and women of reproductive potential must agree to use an acceptable method
of birth control during treatment and for twelve months after completion of treatment.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
2.1.2.1. Presence of active untreated infection
2.1.2.2. Uncontrolled coronary disease or NYHA class III-IV heart disease.
2.1.2.3. Known infection with HIV, hepatitis B or C.
2.1.2.4. Pregnant or lactating women.
2.1.2.5. Presence of active 2nd malignancy requiring treatment. 2nd malignancies with low
activity which do not require treatment (i.e. low grade prostate cancer, basal cell or
squamous cell skin cancer) do not constitute exclusions.
2.1.2.6. Inability to comply with study and/or follow-up procedures.
2.1.2.7. Presence of CNS disease
2.1.2.8. Patients with history of non-response to both pentostatin plus rituximab and to
bendamustine plus rituximab.
2.1.2.9. Receipt of a live vaccine within 4 weeks prior to randomization. Efficacy and/or
safety of immunization during periods of B-cell depletion have not been adequately
studied. It is recommended that a patient's vaccination record and possible requirements
be reviewed. The patient may have any required vaccination/booster administered at least 4
weeks prior to the initiation of study treatment. Review of the patient's immunization
status for the following vaccinations is recommended: tetanus; diphtheria; influenza;
Pneumococcal polysaccharide; Varicella; measles, mumps and rubella (MMR); and hepatitis B.
Patients who are considered to be at high risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and
for whom the investigator has determined that immunization is indicated should complete
the entire HBV vaccine series at least 4 weeks prior to participation in the study.
Type of Study:
Interventional
Study Design:
Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment
Outcome Measure:
To determine if pentostatin + rituximab and bendamustine + rituximab are each associated with adequate response rates (ORR=PR+CR) in patients with relapsed HCL, and, if so, to select which combination is likely to be superior.
Outcome Time Frame:
5-6 months after beginning the protocol
Safety Issue:
Yes
Principal Investigator
Robert J Kreitman, M.D.
Investigator Role:
Principal Investigator
Investigator Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Authority:
United States: Federal Government
Study ID:
100025
NCT ID:
NCT01059786
Start Date:
December 2009
Completion Date:
December 2013
Related Keywords:
- Hairy Cell Leukemia
- Monoclonal Antibody
- Purine Analog
- Soluble CD25
- Minimal Residual Disease MRD
- CD20
- Hairy Cell Leukemia
- Leukemia
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell
Name | Location |
|---|---|
| National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike | Bethesda, Maryland 20892 |
