PRIMARY PROSTATE CANCER

Inclusion Criteria:

- Age ≤ 80 years

- Karnofsky index ≥ 80

- First prostate biopsy

- Presence of at least one of the following:

- Total PSA 10 ng/mL

- Total PSA 2.5-10 ng/mL with free-PSA <20% and/or PSA velocity 0.75 ng/mL/year

- Suspicious hypoechoic lesion at TRUS and/or suspicious finding at digital
rec¬tal examination

- Informed signed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Impaired capacity to consent

- Coexistence of clinically-proven prostate cancer

- Neoadjuvant hormonal treatment (including 5-α reductase inhibitors)

- Contraindications to surgery

- Contraindications to MR Imaging (see below)

PROSTATE CANCER RELAPSE

Inclusion Criteria:

- Age ≤ 90 years

- Karnofsky index ≥ 80

- Previous treatment for prostate cancer

- No clinical recurrence based on standard work-up (abdominal / pelvic CT, MRI, and
bone scintigraphy)

- Biochemically proven relapse of prostate cancer (PSA > 0.2 ng/mL after prostatectomy,
nadir PSA+2 ng/mL (Phoenix definition) or ≤ 3 successive rising PSA levels (ASTRO
definition) after curative radiotherapy).

- Informed signed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Coexistence of another clinically-proven cancer

- Contraindications to surgery or radiation therapy treatment