Trial Information

Randomized Control Trial Comparing Carboplatin 560mg/m2 With 750mg/m2 for Ocular Salvage in Groups C and D Intraocular Retinoblastoma

Chemoreduction has become an important method in management of retinoblastoma. This
technique has been employed in an effort to avoid enucleation and external beam radiotherapy
(EBRT) for children with intraocular retinoblastoma, especially those with bilateral
disease. Although an ideal regimen for chemoreduction has not been determined, most authors
use a combination of vincristine, etoposide and carboplatin for 2- 6 cycles along with local
treatment including cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, thermotherapy and plaque
radiotherapy. Chemoreduction along with local treatment has been shown to have high
treatment success in groups A and B of retinoblastoma allowing globe salvage without need of
EBRT. But globe salvage rates remain low in groups C and D, which mostly need enucleation,
or EBRT in a large number of cases.

In bilateral retinoblastoma where one eye is already lost owing to enucleation or both the
eyes have advanced retinoblastoma (group C/D) globe salvage assumes a significant role in
the overall treatment. Recurrences of the vitreous seeds or the sub retinal seeds are the
main causes of treatment failure with chemoreduction and local treatment, ultimately
requiring enucleation or EBRT.

The recurrence of vitreous or subretinal seeds do not necessarily mean a tumor resistance,
it may reflect an inadequate penetration of the chemotherapeutic agents in these relatively
avascular sites i.e the vitreous cavity or the subretinal space.

The penetration to these sites could be enhanced by (a) increase in the dose of the
intravenous chemotherapeutic agents. The IInd Toronto protocol that was started in 2000
explores this option. The initial reports are encouraging but they have used high doses
chemotherapy in combination with cyclosporin A. Therefore the effect of high dose
chemotherapy on the globe salvage rates in groups C and D cannot be evaluated as an
independent factor. (b) Periocular carboplatin injection has proven to deliver much higher
levels of the drug in to the vitreous cavity, but several studies have revealed local side
effects of this apparently harmless technique.The National Collaborative Retinoblastoma
Study funded by the Children's oncology group plans to carry out a single arm trial of 6
cycles of systemic high dose chemotherapy and subtenon carboplatin injections in groups C
and D of retinoblastoma. (c) Use of Cryotherapy/thermotherapy along with chemotherapy, has
shown to increase the penetration of the chemotherapeutic agents into the vitreous cavity
probably by disrupting the blood retinal barrier.

Shield's et al has already shown that the 6 cycle chemotherapy regimen achieves better
long-term control of vitreous and subretinal seeds as compared to a 2 cycle regimen.

We planned this study to compare two different dose schedules of carboplatin and compare the
rate of globe salvage in group C and D retinoblastoma and also to evaluate the effect of
subtenon Carboplatin injections in cases that fail to respond to primary chemotherapy.