Phase I Adjuvant Trial of Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients After Liver Transplantation
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients with HCC on explant, who have not received prior systemic anti-cancer
treatment for HCC
- HCC patients who have undergone orthotopic liver transplantation, are at high risk
for tumor recurrence or who have high suspicion or documentation of tumor recurrence
- Patients who have a life expectancy of at least 12 weeks
- Patients must have one of the following disease states:
- Patients are 4 weeks beyond and less than 60 days from liver transplant surgery
(to first study treatment) who have no residual hepatocellular carcinoma
following liver transplantation;
- Patients with post transplant recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma within the
liver or at an extra hepatic site, diagnosed by radiographic imaging (computed
tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) consistent with
hepatocellular carcinoma or proved by biopsy, within 24 months of
transplantation;
- Post-transplant patients with rising alpha-feta protein level > 500ng/mL, even
in the absence of confirmed disease within 24 months of transplant
- Patients must have one of the following explant histological features of HCC:bilobar
tumor; macrovascular invasion; or multifocality; if patients have well-differentiated
HCC, they must have all three features
- Patients who have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status
(PS) 0, 1, or 2
- Platelet count >= 60 x 10^9/L
- Hemoglobin >= 8.5 g/dL
- Total bilirubin =< 3 mg/dL
- Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) =< 5 x upper limit of
normal
- Amylase and lipase =< 1.5 x the upper limit of normal
- Serum creatinine =< 1.5 x the upper limit of normal
- Prothrombin time (PT)-international normalized ratio (INR) =< 2.3 or PT 6seconds
above control
- Patients who give written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Previous or concurrent cancer that is distinct in primary site or histology from HCC,
EXCEPT cervical carcinoma in situ, treated basal cell carcinoma,superficial bladder
tumors (Ta, Tis & T1); any cancer curatively treated > 3 years prior to entry is
permitted
- Renal failure requiring hemo- or peritoneal dialysis
- History of cardiac disease: congestive heart failure > New York Heart Association
(NYHA) class 2; active coronary artery disease (CAD); cardiac arrhythmias requiring
anti-arrhythmic therapy other than beta blockers ordigoxin; or uncontrolled
hypertension; myocardial infarction more than 6months prior to study entry is
permitted
- Active clinically serious infections > grade 2 (National Cancer Institute -Common
Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0)
- Known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
- Known central nervous system tumors including metastatic brain disease
- Patients with clinically significant gastrointestinal bleeding within 30 days prior
to study entry
- Substance abuse, medical, psychological or social conditions that may interfere with
the patient's participation in the study or evaluation of the study results
- Known or suspected allergy to the investigational agent or any agent given in
association with this trial
- Patients unable to swallow oral medications
- Any condition that is unstable or which could jeopardize the safety of the patient
and his/her compliance in the study
- Pregnant or breast-feeding patients; women of childbearing potential must have a
negative pregnancy test performed within seven days prior to the start of study drug;
both men and women enrolled in this trial must use adequate barrier birth control
measures during the course of the trial
- Prior use of any systemic anti-cancer chemotherapy for HCC
- Prior use of systemic investigational agents for HCC
- Prior use of Raf-kinase inhibitors (RKI), VEGF inhibitors, MEK inhibitors or Farnesyl
transferase inhibitors
- Use of biologic response modifiers, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
(G-CSF), within 3 weeks prior to study entry (G-CSF and other hematopoietic growth
factors may be used in the management of acute toxicity, such as febrile neutropenia,
when clinically indicated or at the discretion of the investigator; however, they may
not be substituted for a required dose reduction)
- Patients taking chronic erythropoietin are permitted provided no dose adjustment is
undertaken within 1 month prior to the study or during the study
- Autologous bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue within four months of start of
study drug
- Concomitant treatment with rifampin and St John's wort
- Concomitant anti-coagulation therapy with warfarin