Inclusion Criteria:

- Autoimmune disease

- Active disease with inadequate response to standard protocols (glucocorticoids and at
least two different regimens of immunosuppressive drugs, such as intravenous
cyclophosphamide 800-1000mg/application)

- Provision of informed consent by subject

Exclusion Criteria:

- Active or chronic infections

- Uncontrolled arrhythmia or congestive heart failure (ejection fraction below 50%
determined by echocardiogram)

- Lung fibrosis (transfer factor for carbon monoxide [TLCO] <45%)

- renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate below 40 ml/min)

- Pulmonary arterial hypertension (>40mmHg)

- History of malignancy

- Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding

- Use non-reliable methods of contraception