Inclusion Criteria:

- Asbestos-exposed men who were:

- current smokers or quit within 15 years prior to enrollment

- had first exposure to asbestos on the job at least 15 years prior to enrollment

- had chest X-ray positive for changes compatible with asbestos exposure according
to ILO criteria; or had been employed in a protocol-defined high-risk trade for
at least 5 years, at least 10 years prior to enrollment.

- Heavy Smokers, men and women:

- cigarette smoking history of 20+ pack-years

- either current smokers or had quit within previous 6 years

Exclusion Criteria:

- Pre-menopausal women

- History or cirrhosis or hepatitis within 12 months prior to enrollment

- Taking > 5500 IU daily vitamin A supplement

- Taking any beta-carotene supplement

- History of cancer within 5 years prior to enrollment

- SGOT > than 2.5X upper limit of normal, or alkaline phosphatase > 1.5X upper limit of
normal

- taking less than 50% of study vitamins during the enrollment period between the First
and Second Visits.