Inclusion Criteria:

- males age 60-85 years

- non-diabetic fasting glucose and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

- overall good general medical health and signed informed consent

- willing to travel to West LA VA and UCLA in Los Angeles, CA

Exclusion Criteria:

- any clinically significant abnormalities detected on screening physical exam or
laboratory testing (e.g. PSA > 4)

- or other symptom or history of a significant underlying medical or psychiatric
illness

- BMI < 20 or > 40

- subjects already on testosterone therapy or medications that might influence glucose
regulation or hormone levels

- subjects with a history of deep venous thromboses, pulmonary embolism, breast cancer,
prostate cancer, polycythemia or other contraindications to estrogen or testosterone