Inclusion Criteria:

- Age ≥ 18 years

- Patients with hepatic carcinoma (primary or metastatic) clinically or histologically
confirmed to have tumors (≤10cm maximum diameter) that are progressing (refractory to
standard treatment) despite regular treatment and that can be transdermally accessed
by an injection needle in an imaging-guided procedure

- Tumor progression despite undergoing regular treatment such as surgery, transarterial
chemoembolization, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy

- Performance score: Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) ≥70

- Expected survival of at least 16 weeks

- For patients who are sexually active, able and willing to use contraceptives for a
three month period during and after taking JX-594

- WBC > 3,500 cells/mm3

- ANC > 1,500 cells/mm3

- Hemoglobin > 10g/dL

- Platelet count > 75,000 plts/mm3

- Serum creatinine < 1.5 mg/dL

- AST, ALT < 2.5 x ULN

- Total bilirubin ≤ 2.0 mg/dL

- In patients with primary HCC, Child Pugh A or B

- Able/willing to sign an IRB/IEC/REB-approved written consent form

- Able and willing to comply with study procedures and follow-up examinations

Exclusion Criteria:

- Pregnant or nursing an infant

- Known infection with HIV

- Clinically significant active infection or uncontrolled medical condition considered
high risk for investigational new drug treatment

- Significant immunodeficiency due to underlying illness (e.g. hematological
malignancies, congenital immunodeficiencies and/or HIV infection/AIDS) and/or
medication (e.g. high-dose systemic corticosteroids)

- Patients with household contacts with significant immunodeficiency

- History of exfoliative skin condition (e.g. severe eczema, ectopic dermatitis, or
similar skin disorder) that at some stage has required systemic therapy

- Severe or unstable cardiac disease

- Use of adrenal cortical hormone drug or immunosuppressant within four weeks of study
enrollment