Inclusion Criteria:

- Male sex

- Age 60-74 years

- smokers of more than 20 cigarettes/day for at least 20 years (actual smokers or
ex-smokers from no more than 10 years)

Exclusion Criteria:

- severe cardiopathy

- advanced BPCO with chronic hypoxaemia (rest SatO2 < 94%)

- chronic severe renal insufficiency

- hypertension not controlled with drugs

- type 2 diabetes or other severe systemic disease

- severe previous cerebrovascular lesions with permanent invalidity (not
self-sufficient).

- severe vascular lesions with repeated ictus, trophic lesions, or limb loss, if actual
smoker

- Dementia, psychosis, severe depression or maniac-depressive syndrome

- actual or precedent neoplasia, excepted skin tumor not-melanoma or scaly cells
laryngeal and buccal cavity tumor, N0, recovered from more than 10 years or other
tumors recovered from more than 10 years

- transplantation less than 5 years or with rejection episodes in the last 2 years

- unable subjects