Inclusion Criteria:

- Diagnosis of MDS using the World Health Organization classification

- Low or Intermediate-1 risk MDS using the IPSS

- The mean of two platelet counts taken during the screening period must be ≤ 50 x
10^9/L, with no individual count > 55 x 10^9/L (The mean platelet counts of 5
subjects enrolled at the MTD must be ≤ 20 x 10^9/L). Standard of care platelet
assessments taken prior to Informed Consent may be used as 1 of the 2 counts taken
within 3 weeks prior to study day 1.

- Subjects must be ≥ 18 years of age at the time of obtaining informed consent

- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2 at the time of
screening

- Adequate Liver Function, as evidenced by a serum bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times the laboratory
normal range (except for patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Gilbert's Disease),
ALT ≤ 3 times the laboratory normal range, and AST ≤ 3 times the laboratory normal
range

- A serum creatinine concentration ≤ 2 mg/dL (≤ 176.6 µmol/L)

- Before any study-specific procedure, the appropriate written informed consent must be
obtained (see Section 12.1)

Exclusion Criteria:

- Currently receiving any treatment for MDS other than transfusions and erythropoietic
growth factors. If granulocyte growth factors are currently being received, they
cannot be used on or after study day 1

- Clinically significant bleeding within 2 weeks prior to screening (eg, GI bleeds,
intracranial hemorrhage)

- Prior malignancy (other than controlled prostate cancer, in situ cervical cancer or
basal cell cancer of the skin) unless treated with curative intent and without
evidence of disease for ≥ 3 years before screening

- Prior history of bone marrow transplantation

- Persistent peripheral blood monocytosis (≥ 3 months with an absolute monocyte count >
1,000/µL)

- Unstable angina, congestive heart failure [NYHA > class II], uncontrolled
hypertension [diastolic > 100 mmHg], uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, or recent
(within 1 year) myocardial infarction

- Received Anti-Thymocyte Globuline (ATG) within 6 months of screening

- Received hypomethylating agents, immunomodulating agents, histone deacetylase
inhibitors, cyclosporine or mycophenolate within 6 weeks of screening

- Received IL-11 (oprelvekin) within 4 weeks before screening

- Concurrent use of granulocyte growth factors (i.e. G-CSF(Neupogen, Granocyte),
pegfilgrastim (Neulasta), GM-CSF (Leukine, Prokine, Sargramostim))

- Have ever previously received rTPO, PEG-rHuMGDF, eltrombopag, or romiplostim

- Less than 4 weeks since receipt of any therapeutic drug or device that is not FDA
approved for any indication

- Other investigational procedures are excluded

- History of arterial thrombosis (eg, stroke or transient ischemic attack) in the past
year

- History of venous thrombosis that currently requires anti-coagulation therapy

- Untreated B12 or folate deficiency

- Subject is evidently pregnant (eg, positive HCG test) or is breast feeding

- Subject is not using adequate contraceptive precautions

- Subject has known hypersensitivity to any recombinant E coli-derived product

- Subject previously has enrolled in this study

- Subject will not be available for follow-up assessment

- Subject has any kind of disorder that compromises the ability of the subject to give
written informed consent and/or to comply with study procedures