Inclusion Criteria

Inclusion criteria:

Children aged 1 - 18 years with ALL except the following:

Exclusion criteria:

1. Infants less than a year old should be entered onto the Interfant ALL study.

2. Children with B-ALL (Burkitt-like, t(8;14), L3 morphology, SMIg positive). Patients
with this disease will be eligible for the current UKCCSG B cell NHL/ALL trial.

3. Children with Philadelphia-positive ALL (t(9;22) or BCR/ABL positive) will start
induction therapy on this protocol but transfer to the European Intergroup Protocol
as soon as their Philadelphia status is known.

Initially, eligible patients will be stratified into three risk groups based on the
following criteria:

1. Standard risk: all children >1<10 years with a highest white cell count before
starting treatment of <50x109/l, and who do not have BCR-ABL, hypodiploidy (≥44
chromosomes), or an MLL gene rearrangement.

2. Intermediate risk: all children ≥10 years old, or with a diagnostic WBC ≥50x109/l (or
both) and who do not have BCR-ABL, hypodiploidy (≥44 chromosomes), or an MLL gene
rearrangement.

3. High Risk: all children, irrespective of initial risk category, who have a slow early
response (SER) as defined below - see section 6 - together with those who have
BCR-ABL (induction only), hypodiploidy (≥44 chromosomes), or an MLL gene
rearrangement. These patients will not be eligible for MRD randomisation.

Patients will then start treatment according to their risk group as follows:

1. Standard risk, (around 60-65% of the total): regimen A - three-drug induction.

2. Intermediate risk, (around 20- 30% of the total): regimen B - four-drug induction.

3. High risk (around 10-12% of the total): These patients will not be eligible for MRD
randomisation. They will be allocated regimen C - four drug induction, augmented BFM
consolidation, Capizzi interim maintenance, and two further BFM-style intensification
periods of extended duration.

Inclusion criteria for entry into the randomisations:

1. Standard or Intermediate Risk as defined above.

2. Morphological Complete Remission (BM1 Marrow) at Day 29 of Induction.

3. Availability of MRD results at Day 28 and after consolidation therapy.

4. Informed consent obtained.

5. Induction given as protocol.

Exclusion criteria for entry into the MRD randomisation:

1. High Risk as defined above. These patients will receive Regimen C.

2. Day 28 non-remitters. These patients will receive Regimen C if BM2 or go off-protocol
if BM3 (see below for definitions of BM2 and BM3).

3. MRD Indeterminate Group (No result or MRD positive < 1 x 10-4 at day 28 and after
consolidation therapy) will continue on previously assigned therapy.

4. Sub-optimal induction therapy. The clinical significance of day 28 MRD is uncertain
in patients who have received sub-optimal induction therapy. Please discuss these
patients with a co-ordinator.