Inclusion Criteria:

- Preoperatively,

1. histologically proven adenocarcinoma

2. 75 years old or younger

3. forced expiratory volume in one second ≥ 50 %

4. arterial oxygen pressure in room air ≥ 70 mmHg

5. creatinine clearance ≥ 50 ml/min

6. written consent. Intraoperatively

7. Macroscopic T staging is T2-subserosa, T3, or T4

8. potentially curative operation is possible

9. no gross metastasis in para-aortic nodes (frozen section diagnosis not allowed)

10. peritoneal lavage cytology is negative for cancer cells

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Carcinoma in the remnant stomach

2. Borrmann type 4 (linitis plastica)

3. synchronous or metachronous malignancy in other organs except for cervical carcinoma
in situ and colorectal focal cancer in adenoma

4. past history of myocardial infarction or positive results of exercise ECG

5. liver cirrhosis, or chronic liver disease with indocyanine green test ≥10%