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Phase I Dose Escalation Trial of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2DG) Alone and in Combination With Docetaxel in Subjects With Advanced Solid Malignancies


Phase 1
18 Years
N/A
Not Enrolling
Both
Lung Cancer, Breast Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, Gastric Cancer

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Trial Information

Phase I Dose Escalation Trial of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2DG) Alone and in Combination With Docetaxel in Subjects With Advanced Solid Malignancies


2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) is a synthetic glucose analog under development by Threshold
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. that exploits the differences in metabolism between normal and
malignant cells. Malignant cells utilize glucose at a much higher rate than normal cells and
are therefore more dependent on aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis. If glycolysis could be
blocked preferentially in malignant cells, 2DG would have potential for anti-tumor therapy.
Hypoxic cells are especially dependent on anaerobic glycolysis and are generally resistant
to anti-tumor therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, combining 2DG with
chemotherapy may be a way to simultaneously target both hypoxic and aerobic cells in tumors.

Four factors may play a role in the preferential toxicity of 2DG in malignant cells: (1)
increased uptake and retention of glucose analogs by malignant cells; (2) relative hypoxia
of tumor cells relative to normal cells; (3) malignant cells may be more sensitive to
glucose deprivation than normal cells; and (4) inhibition of glycolysis may increase
sensitivity to some cytotoxic agents. Preliminary data in human tumor xenografts support
this hypothesis.

Because 2DG is most likely to be effective in combination with chemotherapy, this trial was
designed to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 2DG both alone and in combination
with chemotherapy. Docetaxel was chosen because there is evidence in human tumor xenografts
of delayed tumor growth for 2DG in combination with paclitaxel compared to paclitaxel alone
and it has been reported that taxanes may enhance uptake of 2DG into malignant cells.
Patients with advanced solid tumors were chosen because they are appropriate candidates for
a Phase I clinical trial and because their tumors are likely to have areas of hypoxia.


Inclusion Criteria:



- Males and females, at least 18 years of age

- Histologically confirmed, locally advanced or metastatic solid malignancy

- Previously treated with at least one chemotherapy regimen for advanced or metastatic
disease OR no curative standard treatment is available

- Recovered from reversible toxicities of prior therapy

- Life expectancy of at least 3 months

- ECOG performance status of 0, 1, or 2

- Measurable or nonmeasurable disease by RECIST criteria

- Ability to understand the purposes and risks of the study and having signed a written
informed consent form

- All women of childbearing potential and all men must agree to use effective means of
contraception from entry into the study through 3 months after the last dose

Exclusion Criteria:

- Previous or current CNS metastases (screening CT or MRI is not required in
asymptomatic subjects)

- Active clinically significant infection requiring antibiotics

- Known glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency or history of anemia of unknown
etiology

- History of clinically significant unexplained episodes of hypotension, fainting,
dizziness, or lightheadedness

- History or symptoms of cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary artery disease,
arrhythmias, or conduction defects with risk of cardiovascular instability,
uncontrolled hypertension, clinically significant pericardial effusion, or congestive
heart failure

- History of transient ischemic attack, stroke, or seizure disorder or any other CNS
disease considered to be significant by the investigator

- Known autonomic dysfunction or chronic orthostatic hypotension

- Evidence of hypoglycemia, clinically significant renal disease, clinically
significant liver disease (other than liver metastases), diabetes mellitus,
gastrointestinal disorder (that could affect absorption or elimination of
orally-administered medications), or obstructive uropathy with significant post-void
residual during the past 5 years

- Known HIV infection

- Other primary malignancies (other than treated basal cell carcinoma of the skin or
treated in situ cervical cancer) within the past 5 years

- Major surgery within 4 weeks of the start of study treatment, without complete
recovery

- Antitumor therapy within 21 days of the start of study treatment

- Disease progression/relapse on docetaxel therapy within the past 12 months

- A history of severe hypersensitivity reaction to docetaxel or other drugs formulated
with polysorbate 80

- Known sensitivity to methylparaben or propylparaben

- Inability to discontinue prohibited medications for 24 hours before and after dosing
on Day 1 of Weeks 1, 2, and 3 and Day 5 of Week 1. In addition, patients who cannot
discontinue medications known to induce or inhibit CYP 3A4, such as cyclosporine,
terfenadine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, and troleandomycin, for the duration of the
study are not eligible.

- Peripheral neuropathy >= Grade 2

- Hemoglobin <9 g/dL

- ANC <1500/μL

- Platelet count <100,000/μL

- Total bilirubin >1.5 mg/dL

- Abnormal liver function

- Serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL unless creatinine clearance is >= 60 mL/min

- Serum potassium < lower limit of normal

- Elevated fasting blood glucose

- Pregnant or nursing women

- Participation in an investigational drug or device study within 28 days of the first
day of dosing on this study

- Concomitant disease or condition that could interfere with the conduct of the study,
or that would, in the opinion of the investigator, pose an unacceptable risk to the
subject in this study.

- Unwillingness or inability to comply with the study protocol for any other reason

- Subjects who live alone

Type of Study:

Interventional

Study Design:

Allocation: Non-Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety Study, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment

Outcome Measure:

Significant Toxicity

Principal Investigator

Luis Raez, MD

Investigator Role:

Principal Investigator

Investigator Affiliation:

University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center

Authority:

United States: Food and Drug Administration

Study ID:

TH-CR-101

NCT ID:

NCT00096707

Start Date:

February 2004

Completion Date:

July 2008

Related Keywords:

  • Lung Cancer
  • Breast Cancer
  • Pancreatic Cancer
  • Head and Neck Cancer
  • Gastric Cancer
  • advanced solid tumors
  • cancer
  • docetaxel
  • 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG)
  • phase 1
  • Breast Neoplasms
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms
  • Lung Neoplasms
  • Stomach Neoplasms
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms

Name

Location

Indiana University Cancer Center Indianapolis, Indiana  46202-5265
University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center Miami, Florida  33136
Institute for Drug Development Cancer Therapy & Research Center San Antonio, Texas  78229