Inclusion Criteria:

- The patient must have AML that falls into one of the following categories:

- AML in 1st complete remission (CR) with intermediate or high risk of relapse
following conventional therapy; at least, one of the following features is needed:

- Patient required more than one cycle of induction to achieve first CR

- White blood cell count (WBC) > 100,000/mm^3 at diagnosis

- Any of the following cytogenetic abnormalities: inv (3), t(3:3), del (5q) or -5,
11q23, del(7q) or -7, del (20q) or -20, abnormal 12p, +11 or t8

- Any other abnormalities or combination of abnormalities which would predict
intermediate or high risk of relapse

- AML beyond first CR

- Any patient with an identical twin donor who also meets the criteria above

- Patients with AML in 1st CR should receive at least two cycles of consolidation
chemotherapy prior to mobilization and transplant

- Patients must have an adequate number of stem cells previously collected (i.e., > 2 x
10^8 total nucleated cell [TNC] of bone marrow [BM]/kg or 4 x 10^6 cluster of
differentiation [CD]34+ PBSC/kg, unless approved otherwise by Dr. Holmberg); prior to
stem cell collection patients must be documented to be in remission and to have
received two cycles of consolidation therapy after induction therapy

- Pre-Study tests have been performed

- Patient must sign an institutional review board (IRB) approved informed consent,
conforming with federal and institutional guidelines

Exclusion Criteria:

- Patients with good risk AML defined by cytogenetic evaluation with these
abnormalities: inversion 16 or t8;21

- Patient's life expectancy is severely limited by diseases other than AML

- Patient is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive

- Patient is pregnant

- Patient's total bilirubin > 2.0 mg/dl (unless Gilbert's disease)

- Or serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)/serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase
(SGPT) >= 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) not due to leukemia

- Patient has a history of congestive heart failure, uncontrolled arrhythmias or left
ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50%

- Patient has an unrelated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched donor and is eligible
for a higher priority Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC) protocol (for
FHCRC patients only)

- Patient has an HLA matched or one antigen mismatch family donor available

- Patients with a significant active infection that precludes transplant

- Patients with a Karnofsky Performance Score less than 70